{
  "city": "Austin",
  "state": "TX",
  "slug": "austin",
  "hardness_facts": [
    {
      "utility": "Austin Water",
      "measure": "Total hardness",
      "value_as_published": "Average 93 ppm (5.4 grains per gallon), range 70-126 ppm",
      "period": "Calendar year 2025",
      "source_title": "Water Quality Reports | Austin Water | AustinTexas.gov (2025 Consumer Confidence Report section)",
      "source_url": "https://www.austintexas.gov/water/programs/water-quality-reports"
    }
  ],
  "published_span_mg_per_l": [
    70,
    126
  ],
  "span_converted_from_grains": false,
  "usgs_class": "moderately hard to hard",
  "usgs_class_source": "https://www.usgs.gov/water-science-school/science/hardness-water",
  "notes": [],
  "local_details": {
    "disinfectant": {
      "text": "Austin Water lists chloramine as the disinfectant that controls microbes.",
      "kind": "chloramine",
      "source_title": "Austin Water 2025 Water Quality Report",
      "source_url": "https://www.austintexas.gov/water/programs/water-quality-reports",
      "evidence_ids": [
        "AUSTIN-L-01"
      ]
    },
    "source_water": {
      "text": "Austin Water draws from the Lower Colorado River as it flows through Lake Travis and Lake Austin.",
      "source_title": "Austin Water 2025 Water Quality Report",
      "source_url": "https://www.austintexas.gov/water/programs/water-quality-reports",
      "evidence_ids": [
        "AUSTIN-L-02"
      ]
    },
    "softening": {
      "text": "Yes. Austin Water uses lime softening, which it says also helps coat pipes against corrosion.",
      "source_title": "Austin Water 2025 Water Quality Report",
      "source_url": "https://www.austintexas.gov/water/programs/water-quality-reports",
      "evidence_ids": [
        "AUSTIN-L-03"
      ]
    }
  },
  "sources_checked_on": "2026-10-27",
  "site": "https://austinwatersystems.com/",
  "brand": "Austin Water Systems by My Home Water System",
  "taking_requests": false
}